گفتار توان گستر
....... کلینیک توانبخشی ولیعصر
برای
اولین بار در کرج بزرگ استفاده از بیو فید بک بینایی
و شنیداری و سیمولاتور اسب سواری
در درمان انواع اختلالات جسمی - ذهنی -حرکتی
د رمان انواع اختلالات گفتاری بزرگسالان و کودکان
سکته مغزی - فلج مغزی - لکنت - ناشنوایی - کم شنوایی
کم توانی ذهنی و درمان اختلالات یادگیری و اوتیسم
تعیین بهره هوشی و آماده سازی برای تست
با تعیین
وقت قبلی
آدرس مطب
کلیک کنید
لکنت زبان کودکان و درمان
نرم افزاری
روشهای درمان لکنت زبان در کودکان
بارها شما سعی کرده اید که از لکنت رهایی یابید اما ممکن است موفقیت کمی بدست
آورده باشید
اگر این مورد در شما هم رخ داده است ، شاید ما بتوانیم به شما کمک کنیم
ما یک روش موثر و جدید در درمان لکنت زبان معرفی می کنیم که حتی می تواند در
درمان اختلال گفتاری دیز آرتری نیز به کار رود
برای درمان لکنت زبان کودکان ( 3 الی 10 سال ) این برنامه مفید و موثر است و
فورا گفتار فرزند شما را روان خواهد ساخت
بعد از دو الی چهار هفته تمرین با برنامه لکنت شکن روانی گفتار افزایش خواهد
یافت
لکنت زبان با مراکز حرکتی گفتاری و هیجانات و تنشها که منتهی می گردد با اسپاسم
در ارتباط است ، گاهی برای درمان لکنت ممکن است از داروها و مهار کننده های
سیستم عصبی مرکزی بهمراه مدیتیشن و هیپنوتیزم استفاده شود ولی هنگامیکه کارهای
بدنی و فعالیتهای ذهنی افزایش می یابد لکنت دوباره بروز پیدا می کند
با بکار بردن این برنامه راهی یافته شد که در آن عملکرد سیستم عصبی مهار نمی
گردد و در طول مدت اصلاح گفتار دوباره سازماندهی انتخابی رخ می دهد
پس از تجزیه و تحلیل طیف گفتاری تعدادی از افراد لکنتی پس از استفاده از نرم
افزار مشخص شد که مناطقی از طیف که در آنها اسپاسم و تونوسیته بیش از حد لکنت
وجود داشت ناپدید شده است . این یافته توسط گروههای بین المللی بیماران نیز
تایید می گردد
لطفا در صورت تمایل برای کسب اطلاعات
بیشتر
و دیدن فیلم مربوطه این لینک را کلیک کنید
Good Vibrations
A new treatment under study by NASA-funded doctors could
reverse bone loss experienced by astronauts in space.
November 2, 2001: "Use it or lose it."
The familiar mantra of fitness buffs applies as much in
space as it does on Earth -- perhaps more so. The bones and
muscles of astronauts, freed from the familiar strains of
gravity, can weaken alarmingly. Muscles atrophy relatively
quickly, while bones lose mass during prolonged exposures to
weightlessness.
Reducing muscle atrophy requires exercise -- and lots of it.
Astronauts in space spend about two hours each day working
out with the aid of exotic devices that rely on springs,
elastic, and harnesses to provide resistance and mimic body
weight.
Unfortunately, such "countermeasures" have not solved the
problem of muscle or bone loss. It's an ongoing problem for
astronauts -- and for researchers!
Above: The proper type and amount of exercise is a key to
maintaining muscles and cardiovascular fitness in space. But
the workouts astronauts have tried so far haven't yet solved
the problem of bone or muscle loss. Image courtesy Johnson
Space Center.
But now, perhaps, there could be a solution -- at least for
bones: NASA-funded scientists suggest that astronauts might
prevent bone loss by standing on a lightly vibrating plate
for 10 to 20 minutes each day. Held down with the aid of
elastic straps, the astronauts could keep working on other
tasks while they vibrate.
The same therapy, they say, might eventually be used to
treat some of the millions of people who suffer from bone
loss, called osteoporosis, here on Earth.
"The vibrations are very slight," notes Stefan Judex,
assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the State
University of New York at Stony Brook, who worked on the
research. The plate vibrates at 90 Hz (1 Hz = 1 cycle per
second), with each brief oscillation imparting an
acceleration equivalent to one-third of Earth's gravity. "If
you touch the plate with your finger, you can feel a very
slight vibration," he added. "If you watch the plate, you
cannot see any vibration at all."
Although the vibrations are subtle they have had a profound
effect on bone loss in laboratory animals such as turkeys,
sheep, and rats.
Left: Vibration plates such as this one were used for
experiments on bone loss involving turkeys, sheep, and rats.
Pictured with the turkey is researcher Dr. Clinton Rubin.
Photo credit: Cary Wolinsky. This image originally appeared
in a National Geographic feature article "Surviving in
Space."
In one study (published in the October 2001 issue of The
FASEB Journal), only 10 minutes per day of vibration therapy
promoted near-normal rates of bone formation in rats that
were prevented from bearing weight on their hind limbs
during the rest of the day. Another group of rats that had
their hind legs suspended all day exhibited severely
depressed bone formation rates -- down by 92% -- while rats
that spent 10 minutes per day bearing weight, but without
the vibration treatment, still had reduced bone formation --
61% less.
These results show that the vibration treatment maintained
normal bone formation rates, while brief weight bearing did
not.
Clinton Rubin, a professor of biomedical engineering at SUNY
Stony Brook and principal investigator for the study,
cautions that more experiments are required before
scientists can be sure that vibration therapy is effective
for people. "Animals are different than humans," he notes.
And even among humans there are important variables, like
nutrition and genetic make-up. What works for
post-menopausal women (who often suffer from osteoporosis)
might not work for astronauts in space.
In a recent "Phase I/II" clinical trial of vibration
therapy, researchers applied the treatment to 60
post-menopausal women. Studies using adolescent girls with
very low bone density and children with cerebral palsy are
also underway.
"The early results from the research with post-menopausal
women are very encouraging -- but they are preliminary. To
determine efficacy, we will need a larger scale clinical
trial that runs for a longer period of time," Rubin says.
A broader "Phase III" clinical trial is currently being
organized, which will provide a strong indication of the
treatment's effectiveness for the general population of
osteoporosis sufferers.
Right: The primary weight-bearing bones -- highlighted here
in purple -- are also the ones most susceptible to weakening
in space. Picture from Human Physiology in Space, a
curriculum supplement for secondary schools. (Lujan and
White)
Whether astronauts would benefit from a vibration-plate
regimen is a question that can only be fully answered by
conducting experiments in space, Rubin says. Such tests have
been proposed, but none are scheduled yet.
Rubin hopes that future experiments will reveal not only
whether vibration therapy works, but also why. It's a bit of
a puzzle because the treatment doesn't comfortably fit
within the framework of conventional wisdom: Currently, most
bone researchers believe that the stresses placed on bones
by, e.g., bearing weight or strong physical exertion, signal
the bone-building cells through some unknown chemical
trigger to fortify bones. According to this thinking, the
remedy for bone loss in space should be exercises that
duplicate stresses on our muscles and skeletons experienced
during a daily and active life on Earth.
Unfortunately, without the pull of gravity it is very
difficult, if not impossible, to duplicate loads routinely
experienced by our muscles and bones on Earth. The regimen
of exercise that astronauts perform in space has shown some
promise as a countermeasure, but not enough to protect
long-voyaging astronauts from injury or bone fracture when
they are re-exposed to gravity -- either here on Earth or on
some other planet.
Rubin suggests that perhaps it's not only a few, large
stresses placed on the skeleton that signal bone formation,
but also many smaller, high-frequency vibrations applied to
bones by flexing muscles during common activities such as
standing or walking.
Muscles may appear to pull steadily and constantly when
flexing -- like the pull of a stretched spring. But muscle
contraction is more complex than that. Individual muscle
cells in most skeletal muscles can't provide a sustained
pull -- they can only apply a quick "twitch." To create a
constant pull, the brain activates groups of muscle cells
within a muscle (called "motor units") in a rapid, repeating
pattern.
Above: The interior of bones isn't completely solid.
Instead, it consists of a web of mineral filaments -- called
"trabeculae" -- and cells (not shown in this micrograph).
These trabeculae provide structural rigidity while
minimizing weight, like the steel cross-members in a crane
or a highway sign. Image courtesy NASA Quest .
You can feel these subtle patterns by squatting and resting
your hands on your thighs -- the slight trembling of your
thigh muscles is the sequential contraction of the muscles'
motor units. The frequency of such contraction ranges
between 10 and 100 Hz. In comparison, the experiment with
rats used a 90 Hz vibration, and the experiments with humans
are using 30 Hz vibrations.
"Our hypothesis is that a key regulator of bone mass and
morphology are the mechanical stimuli that come out of
muscle contractions," Rubin says. "So instead of these big,
intensive deformations of bone, it's basically lots and lots
of little ones [that provide a major stimulus for bone
growth]."
"While exercise in space may generate some of these signals,
we believe that microgravity essentially extinguishes these
signals during the great majority of the day, as postural
activity is [markedly reduced compared to here on Earth],"
he says. "The vibration treatment generates a much larger
signal in this frequency range, and we believe that 10
minutes per day of this higher frequency signal is
sufficient to provide a maintenance signal to bone."
Above: When future astronauts return to Earth after a long
voyage to Mars and back -- all in reduced or zero gravity --
they will need strong bones to once again stride across
their home planet. Vibration therapy might be the key.
Painting by Pat Rawlings.
"This is a real departure from the accepted theory of how
mechanical signals control bone, and it is certainly
controversial," Rubin says.
Nevertheless, it might work. Good vibrations -- unexpected
and controversial -- could be the key to healthy bones on
Earth and beyond.
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